INTRODUCTION

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1. Sanders, "George Ives," 69; Boise News (Idaho City), 19 March 1864; Fergus County Argus , 18 April 1918; Eighth Census of U.S.: 1860 Population Schedule of Solano County, California ; Langford, Vigilante Days , 406
2. Sanders, "George Ives," 52
3. Union Vedette , 5 February 1864; Special Enumeration: 1855 Population Schedule of Arapahoe County, Kansas Territory
4. W. H. Parkinson, "Biographical History," Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana (Helena: Independent Publishing Company, 1903), 4: 233; Stuart, 268; James Fergus "Diary," Contribrdions to the Historical Society of Montana (Helena: State Publishing, 1896), 2: 254
5. Union Vedette , 5 February 1864
6. Ninth Census of U.S.: 1870 Population Schedule of Lewis and Clark County, Montana Territory ; Helena Weekly Herald , 31 December 1868; Rocky Mountain News , 7 December 1870
7. George Lovell, "Memoirs," in Noyes, Dimsdale's Vigilantes , 275-76
8. Wilbur F. Sanders, Letter to Sister, 26 December 1863, in Not In Precious Metals Alone (Helena: Montana Historical Society Press, 1976), 48
9. Dimsdale, Vigilantes , 103
10. White, 264; State of California Census of 1852 ; Rheem; Kohrs, Autobiography , 25
11. Langford, Vigilante Days , xv; Nathaniel Langford, Letter to Will Doolittle, 16 January 1867, Nathaniel Langford Papers, SC. 215, Montana Historical Society Archives; Henry N. Blake, "Proper Bostonian, Purposeful Pioneer," Montana: The Magazine of Western History 14 (October 1964) 4: 39
12. Callaway, 113; Noyes, Ajax , 5
13. Langford, Vigilante Days , 474; Idaho World , 21 and 28 April 1866
14. Idaho World , 21 and 28 April 1866; Langford, Vigilante Days , 473
15. Langford, Vigilante Days , 473; Tim Kinerk, "Reminiscences," SC. 175, Montana Historical Society Archives; Beehrer, 269
16. Dimsdale, Vigilantes , 209-14
17. Amede Bessette, "The Last Bandit Hanged in Bannack by the Vigilantes," TS., Montana Historical Society Archives
18. Sanders, History , 1: 193n; Noyes, Ajax, 13
19. Judith Basin Star (Stanford, Mont.), 6 January 1936; Helena Daily Herald , 22 January 1890
20. Helena Daily Herald , 24 January 1890
21. Ibid., 22 and 24 January 1890.
22. Standard , 12 November 1899; Langford, Vigilante Days , 538.
23. "Obituary of Capt. Williams," Madisonian , 25 February 1887; "Obituary of Elizabeth Williams," Madisonian Times (Virginia City, Mont.), 7 May 1915.
24. Williams, "Statement," 1. Williams's unidentified contemporary assisted historian H. H. Bancroft in collecting material from Montana pioneers. Before submitting Williams's brief biography, the manuscript collector added this comment at the bottom of the page and initialed it.